语法学习技巧|分词作状语

As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
- Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
因为没收到他的信，我给他打了电话。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
- Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
倘若多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的意思。being followed除表达被动以外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被跟随）。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 因为声音在闪电后，因此为声跟伴随光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用目前分词。
3）_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating1 B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。目前分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来讲是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它等于一个状语从句 When it is heated，

注意： 选择目前分词还是过去分词，重要看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就使用目前分词，反之就用过去分词。
used for a long time, the book looks old.
因为用了很久，这本书看起来非常旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在用的过程中，我发现这本书非常有用。